1. Proper Diet
Proper
care of the body begins with a good diet. Well balanced diet containing
requisite amounts all the essential nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins and minerals), roughage and water is essential for maintaining good
health. A good diet is not so much a question of money as of knowledge how to
choose and prepare foods properly. Through proper knowledge, we can plan a
balanced diet, which is within the reach of most of the people.
We
can also protect our health and avoiding certain substances in the diet. For
example, avoiding sugar helps prevent cavities in our teeth. In order to
control the cholesterol (which causes heart diseases) in the blood, the fat
content on the diets of the older people should be limited.
2. Personal and Domestic Hygiene
Personal
hygiene concerns itself with the adjustments which the individual must make of
preserve and improve his health. We must keep our body clean and wear clean
clothes. We should take bath and change clothes regularly. If we do not take
bath or change clothes regularly, our body and clothes, begin to smell. This is
due to growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms affect our health adversely.
Special attention should also be paid to nails, hair, teeth, hands and feet. It
is very important to wash hands thoroughly with soap after going to latrine or
toilet. Hands should also be always washed before handling food.
IN
domestic hygiene, house should be kept clean and free from files and insects.
Micro-organisms can infect and spoil our food. Therefore food should be kept
protected from files and insects. Utensils should be thoroughly cleaned,
preferably with some detergent powder or ash.
3. Clean Food
Food
consumed should be free from micro-organisms and harmful chemicals such as
pesticides. The presence of certain types of micro-organisms I food can take it
harmful and in some cases even deadly. Fruits and vegetables generally have
micro-organisms and pesticides sticking of their skin. Therefore, it is very
important to wash them with clean water before consuming. Food items should
also be protected from files as they are carrier of many disease causing
bacteria. Most of the bacteria which are responsible for food-borne illness
cause their damage in the gastro intestinal tract.
4. Clean Water and Air
In
order to keep good health drinking water must be clean and free from bacteria.
In the cities, water supplied by public health department through pipes is
generally suitable for drinking as it is filtered and treated with
disinfectants before supplying. However, in rural areas due to poor sanitary
conditions water available is unsafe for drinking purposes and causes a number
of water borne diseases. In order to avoid the water-bourne disease, it is
advisable to boil and filter water before drinking. In ponds, water is
generally infected with bacteria. Washing clothes and utensils or taking bath
in such ponds can cause many diseases. Hence, these activities should be
avoided.
Pure
air is also very important for maintaining for good health. The places of work
and living should be well ventilated. Gases released by industries, motor
vehicles and through burning of fossil fuels at various places pollute the sir.
Breathing polluted air causes chronic respiratory disease. In rural areas,
traditional chulhas produce a lot of smoke which adversely affects the health
of the ladies. Therefore, smokeless chulhas should be preferably used.
5. Exercise
Regular
exercise is also very important to maintain good health. It is especially
important for sedentary workers. Exercise keeps the muscles in good tone, makes
bone stronger and helps the lungs, heart and blood vessels work well.
6. Sleep and Relaxation
During
each 24 hour period our body needs a number of hours of r=total rest. During
the rest period the cells of the body recover from the work of the day the
build up supplies of energy for the next period of activity. Thus, regular
sleep and relaxation are very important conditions to maintain good health.
7. Avoiding Hazardous
Substances
Avoiding
certain hazardous substances such as tobacco, alcohol and narcotic drugs help
in maintaining good health. These substances affect the body as well as mind of
the individual. Cigarette smoking causes cause of lung cancer. Tobacco use also
causes cancer of the mouth, larynx and oesophagus. Smoking causes chronic lung
diseases leading to shortness of breath. Alcohol affects the brain, the heart
and the digestive system especially the liver. The illicit use of narcotics can
damage physical as well as mental health of the person.
8. Prevention of Accidents
We
should take all possible precautions to prevent accidents. For examples, floors
should not be slippery, stairs should be safe, electrical appliances should be
used properly, poisonous chemicals such as insecticides should be stored out of
reach of children, vehicles should be driven carefully.
9. Preventing Diseases
All
precautions should be taken to protect our body from various diseases. Children
should be immunized against common diseases through vaccination.
10. Proper Education
Good
health can be achieved through our effort and proper health education. We can
maintain a good health only if we are aware of various factors which affect our
health.
these all are v good
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